The present article is meant to follow this Stem Cell Introduction.

      Particularly since 2020, there have been amazing advances in stem cell technology as used to create cartilage between bones where it had been damaged or worn away.

      The selected article links shown below are very informative and well written:

Stanford 2020 Discovery

Tree Types of Cartilage

Science Daily

Stanford 2021

Columbia Engineers Grow Functional Human Cartilage

Membrane-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI)

Knee Cartilage Repair

UCDAVIS.edu

Nature Medicine

Advances and Prospects

Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration

Download

      Download cartilage.htm