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Math from Words
Chapter Ten - Division
And
Rational Numbers

by

James Adrian
      Definition - The sign of an integer p is the plus sign (+) appended on the left, if p is a positive integer (+p), and the sign is the hyphen (-) appended on the left, if p is a negative integer (-p).

      Definition - Integer C is integer A divided by integer B that is computed by the following procedure:

      Procedure

      Q is 0.

      R is |A|.

      AA. If R is less than |B|, Go to EE.

      BB. |B| subtracted from R is the whole number that R becomes now.

      CC. Increment Q.

      DD. Go to AA.

      EE. If both A and B, or neither A and ,B are less than 0, then Go to HH.

      FF. The product of -1 and Q is the integer that Q becomes now.

      GG. The product of -1 and R is the integer that R becomes now.

      HH. Q is the integer that C becomes now.

      II. C is the quotient, R is the remainder, and this procedure is ended.

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      Definition - An item is a fraction if and only if it is an integer divided by an integer.

      Definition - The numerator in the fraction that is integer A divided by integer B is the integer A.

      Definition - The denominator in the fraction that is integer A divided by integer B is the integer B.

      Notation - A fraction is notated this way: A/B.

      Definition - A rational number is a fraction that is integer A divided by integer B, where B is not zero.

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      Definition - The non-negative rational number A/B is greater than the non-negative rational number C/D if and only if the product of |A| and |D| is greater than the product of |B| and |C|.

      Definition - The non-negative rational number A/B is always greater than the negative rational number C/D.

      Definition - The negative rational number A/B is greater than the negative rational number C/D if and only if the product of |B| and |C| is greater than the product of |A| and |D|.

      Definition - The negative rational number A/B is never greater than the non-negative rational number C/D.

      Definition - A variable is a number selected from a set of numbers.

      Definition - A function is a rule that associates each permissible input number with one and only one output number.

      Definition - The domain of a function is the set of the function's permissible input numbers.

      Definition - The range of a function is the set of the function's output numbers.

      Definition - The independent variable of a function is a variable whose value is selected from the domain of the function.

      Definition - The dependent variable of a function is a variable whose value is selected from the range of the function.


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